David Daley, "Deep Throat: 2 boys talking politics at summer camp may have revealed a Watergate secret". To punish them further—after 3 years of criminal prosecution proceedings—would not serve the ends of justice. The day Gray resigned, Kleindienst spoke to Nixon, urging him to appoint Felt as head of the FBI. Break-ins to Start in Capital Tomorrow". "Conspiracy Trial for 2 Ex-F.B.I.

Before moving to Atlanta, Mr. Giuliano was the executive assistant director of the National Security Branch and, before that, assistant director of the Counterterrorism Division at FBI Headquarters in Washington, D.C. “Mark brings more than 25 years of operational and leadership experience to this position,” said Director Comey.
This was typical of other agencies and corporations of the time. Deep Throat didn't exactly bring the White House crashing down, did he?" [3], Born on August 17, 1913, in Twin Falls, Idaho,[4] Felt was the son of Rose R. Dygert and Mark Earl Felt, a carpenter and building contractor. [30] Felt served as an honorary pallbearer at Hoover's funeral. On February 17, 1973, Nixon nominated Gray as Hoover's permanent replacement as Director. Chief Justice William Rehnquist was battling cancer at the time (he would die in September 2005), and there was speculation that Rehnquist might have been Deep Throat. William Mark Felt Sr. (August 17, 1913 – December 18, 2008) was an American law enforcement officer who worked for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 1942 to 1973 and was known for his role in the Watergate scandal. [58], Felt told his biographer Ronald Kessler: I was shocked that I was indicted. Gray was forced to resign on April 27, after it was revealed that he had destroyed a file that had been in the White House safe of E. Howard Hunt. Nixon sent Felt and Miller bottles of champagne with the note "Justice ultimately prevails. Their wedding was officiated by the chaplain of the United States House of Representatives, the Rev. Instead, it was about the FBI using The Washington Post to leak information to destroy the president, and The Washington Post willingly serving as the conduit for that information while withholding an essential dimension of the story by concealing Deep Throat's identity.

In 1997, Mr. Giuliano was promoted to supervisory special agent in the Violent Crimes Section at FBI Headquarters, where he was responsible for the fugitive and Ten Most Wanted programs. "[96] During a grand jury investigation in 1976, Felt was called to testify. § 2236. Vanity Fair magazine revealed that Felt was Deep Throat on May 31, 2005, when it published an article (eventually appearing in the July issue of the magazine) on its website by John D. O'Connor, an attorney acting on Felt's behalf. I just talked to Bill Ruckelshaus and Bill is a Mr. Clean and I want a fellow in there that is not part of the old guard and that is not part of that infighting in there. "[100] (Bernstein reiterated on June 2, 2005, on the Today Show that his wife had never known.). Cannon, Lou and Laura A. Kiernan.
In 2005, at age 91, Felt revealed that during his tenure as associate director of the FBI he had been the notorious anonymous source known as "Deep Throat" who provided The Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein with critical information about the Watergate scandal, which ultimately led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974. All other FBI executives and Special Agents in Charge report to the Director through the Deputy Director. Felt said, "I'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat." [34] These absences, combined with Gray's hospitalization and recuperation from November 20, 1972, to January 2, 1973,[35] meant that Felt was effectively in charge for much of his final year at the Bureau.

"Pardoning the F.B.I's Past". "Deep Throat's Daughter, The Kindred Free Spirit", Haddock, Vicki. This period of FBI history has generated great controversy for its abuses of private citizens' rights. [61][62][63], Felt and Miller attempted to plea bargain with the government, willing to agree to a misdemeanor guilty plea to conducting searches without warrants—a violation of 18 U.S.C. [85], In 1990 Felt permanently moved to Santa Rosa, leaving behind his entire life in Alexandria. Cohn wrote the break-ins were the "final dirty trick" of the Nixon administration, and there had been no "personal motive" to their actions. [54] In his memoir, Felt describes Ruckelshaus as a "security guard sent to see that the FBI did nothing which would displease Mr. Pear, Robert. Pear, Robert. [23] This division oversaw compliance with Bureau regulations and conducted internal investigations. Break-ins". In this role, he was responsible for ensuring the FBI successfully executed its national security mission to defend the United States and its interests from national security threats, ranging from terrorism to espionage to weapons of mass destruction. ", Mark Felt: The Man Who Brought Down the White House, Associate Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Impeachment process against Richard Nixon, Master list of Nixon's political opponents, United States District Court for the District of Columbia, United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights, List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States, "40 years later, remembering Watergate scandal's 'Deep Throat, "Firing from th' hip easy for FBI agents", "Letter to the Editor: Prosecuting Weathermen", "Watergate and the Two Lives of Mark Felt: Roles as FBI Official, 'Deep Throat' Clashed", "Q&A: William Ruckelshaus '55 on the Watergate Scandal", "Ex-FBI chief cleared on break-in charges", "2 former FBI officials found guilty in 1970s home break=in cases", "Ex-FBI officials draw fines, no jail terms", "President Pardons 2 Ex-F.B.I. [81] Felt and Miller said they would seek repayment of their legal fees from the government. Aides Deny Guilt as 700 at Court Applaud Them". Benfell, Carol. He walked to the house. "[95] In 1975 George V. Higgins wrote: "Mark Felt knows more reporters than most reporters do, and there are some who think he had a Washington Post alias borrowed from a dirty movie. "[36] Felt wrote in his memoir: The record amply demonstrates that President Nixon made Pat Gray the Acting Director of the FBI because he wanted a politician in J. Edgar Hoover's position who would convert the Bureau into an adjunct of the White House machine. Kleindienst told me, "Pat, I love you for that."[35].

"Gray and 2 Ex-F.B.I. [110], Felt died at home, in his sleep, on December 18, 2008. Richard Gid Powers wrote that Hoover installed Felt to rein in William C. Sullivan's domestic spying operations, as Sullivan had been engaged in secret unofficial work for the White House. Officials in 1970's Break-ins.". Public response to Felt and his actions has varied widely since these revelations. Speculation about Felt's motives for leaking has also varied widely. Gray lived in Stonington, Connecticut, and commuted to Washington. Felt returned to Washington, D.C., in September 1962. John Crewdson (August 30, 1976), "Ex-F.B.I. The existence of such files had long been rumored. [25] In his memoir, Felt quoted Hoover as having said, "I need someone who can control Sullivan. Wiretapping is a crime investigated by the FBI. On April 10, 1978, a federal grand jury charged Felt, Miller, and Gray with conspiracy to violate the constitutional rights of American citizens by searching their homes without warrants. Hoover died in his sleep and was found on the morning of May 2, 1972.

The excerpt of the working draft obtained by the Chronicle has Felt still denying he's Throat but providing a rationale for why Throat did the right thing.[103]. Rehnquist was Assistant Attorney General of the Office of Legal Counsel, from 1969 to 1971,[104] and then served on the Supreme Court until his death in 2005. Agents Get Light Fines for Authorizing Break-ins in 70's". His first day at the Bureau was January 26, 1942. In his book The Secret Man, Woodward described Felt as a "tall man with perfectly combed gray hair ... distinguished looking" with a "studied air of confidence, even what might be called a command presence". This case has been dragging on for five years. Since he [Hoover] had never been transferred and did not have a family, he had no idea of the financial and personal hardship involved. The office is also the highest position attainable within the FBI without being appointed by the President of the United States. She had also been hospitalized several times for various ailments. When the Watergate story broke, Woodward called on Felt. [57] "I think this is justified and I'd do it again tomorrow," he said on the program. An October 1990 Washingtonian magazine article about "Washington secrets" listed the 15 most prominent Deep Throat candidates, including Felt. "[102] (Once the secret was revealed, it was noted Felt did have access to such information because the Bureau's agents were interviewing high-ranking White House officials.). (He opens the book with the sentence, "The Bill of Rights is not a suicide pact", Justice Robert H. Jackson's comment in his dissent to Terminiello v. City of Chicago, 337 U.S. 1 (1949)). Felt said to the Courant, "No, it's not me. [94] On June 25 of that year, a few weeks after All the President's Men was published, The Wall Street Journal ran an editorial, "If You Drink Scotch, Smoke, Read, Maybe You're Deep Throat." [2], Felt published two memoirs: The FBI Pyramid in 1979 (updated in 2006), and A G-Man's Life, written with John O'Connor, in 2006. "2 Pardoned Ex-F.B.I. He said that he considered Felt's resignation "an admission of guilt" anyway.[56]. "President Pardons 2 Ex-FBI Officials Guilty in Break-Ins". After the war, Felt was assigned to the Seattle field office.

Officials Accused in Break-ins.". (The Bureau used a national security justification for the searches because it alleged the Weather Underground was in the employ of Cuba.

Mr. Giuliano has served as the special agent in charge of the Atlanta Division since August 2012. From 1978 to 1987, the position of Deputy Director was not filled due to William Hedgcock Webster's decision to divide the Deputy's responsibility between three positions. [92], Kessler said in his book that the measures Woodward took to conceal his meeting with Felt lent "credence" to the notion that Felt was Deep Throat.

Mitchell is the only one who knows about this and he feels strongly that we better not do anything because ... if we move on him, he'll go out and unload everything. The Agent in Charge, Charles Nuzum, sent his findings to Investigative Division Head Robert Gebhardt, who passed the information on to Felt. Henry Steck, "Review of The FBI Pyramid". Bob Woodward wrote "Gray got to be director of the FBI and Felt did the work. [42] They stayed in touch and spoke on the telephone several times. [59][71][72] Writing an OpEd piece in The New York Times a week after the conviction, attorney Roy Cohn claimed that Felt and Miller were being used as scapegoats by the Carter administration and it was an unfair prosecution.

As a result, and combined with the fact that she did not follow the news, she was unaware of her father's legal problems that arose from the Watergate scandal. "[77][82] Carter Attorney General Griffin Bell said he did not object to the pardons, as the convictions had upheld constitutional principles.

Gray said he had defended Felt to Attorney General Richard G. Kleindienst: "You know, Mark, Dick Kleindienst told me I ought to get rid of you. Noting his denial in The FBI Pyramid, the paper wrote: Curiously, his son—American Airlines pilot Mark Felt—now says that shouldn't be read as a definitive denial, and that he plans to answer the question once-and-for-all in a second memoir. Felt was an FBI special agent who eventually rose to the position of Associate Director, the Bureau's second-highest-ranking post.

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