It includes the Episcopal Inquisition (1184-1230) and the Papal Inquisition (1230), which arose in response to large popular movements in Europe that were considered to be heretical by the Roman Catholic Church. Infoplease is part of the FEN Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. [43] But documentation of 15 out of 689 autos-da-fé has disappeared, so these numbers may slightly understate the activity.[44]. Check our encyclopedia for a gloss on thousands of topics from biographies to the table of elements. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections?

Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. The last execution of the Inquisition was in Spain in 1826. After the Second Vatican Conference, it was replaced (1965) by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, which governs vigilance in matters of faith. When an inquisitor arrived, a month of grace was allowed to all who wished to confess to heresy and to recant; these were given a light penance, which was intended to confirm their faith. [18]. This resulted in the Goa Inquisition, the Peruvian Inquisition, and the Mexican Inquisition, among others. The wars of independence of the former Spanish colonies in the Americas concluded with the abolition of the Inquisition in every quarter of Hispanic America between 1813 and 1825.

With the Protestant Reformation, Catholic authorities became much more ready to suspect heresy in any new ideas,[45] By 1256 inquisitors were given absolution if they used instruments of torture. In 1484 Kramer requested that Pope Innocent VIII clarify his authority to prosecute witchcraft in Germany, where he had been refused assistance by the local ecclesiastical authorities. Inquisition, a judicial procedure and later an institution that was established by the papacy and, sometimes, by secular governments to combat heresy. Del Rio, Martin Antoine and Maxwell-Stuart, P. G., Levack, The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe, (49). This institution, which became known as the Roman Inquisition, was intended to combat Protestantism, but it is perhaps best known historically for its condemnation of Galileo. The Medieval Inquisition A roving papal Inquisition was set up in 1231 by Pope Gregory IX. In the 12th century, to counter the spread of Catharism, prosecution of heretics became more frequent. One of the consequences of these pogroms was the mass conversion of thousands of surviving Jews. Derived from the Latin verb inquiro (“inquire into”), the name was applied to commissions in the 13th century and subsequently to similar structures in early modern Europe. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [29] Early Irish canons treated sorcery as a crime to be visited with excommunication until adequate penance had been performed. FEN Learning is part of Sandbox Networks, a digital learning company that operates education services and products for the 21st century.

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