In pulsed energy applications, the angular momentum of the rotor is used to accumulate energy over a long period and then release it in a short time.

10 years after making a breakthrough in electric motors, Michael Faraday created the first electric generator in 1831. In the case when the disk alone spins there is no change in flux through the circuit, however, there is an electromotive force induced contrary to Faraday's law. Note: The value of gamma has to be larger than 1, therefore F is not equal to F', the charged particle does not experience the same force in frame S or frame S′ as the relativistic explanation shows it, while the Volt meter would read the same value. There is a galvanometer connected in the righthand loop, a magnet in the center of the lefthand loop, a switch in the lefthand loop, and a switch between the loops. Faraday's law of induction can be stated in words as:[2]. This mechanism agrees with the observations: an EMF is generated whenever the disc moves relative to the magnetic field, regardless of how that field is generated. However the galvanometer did not deflect meaning there was no induced voltage, and Faraday's law does not work in this case. [7] It is a circuit with two loops or meshes. Wikibuy Review: A Free Tool That Saves You Time and Money, 15 Creative Ways to Save Money That Actually Work. A homopolar generator can be made to have a very low resistance, so it can produce large amounts of current, occasionally in excess of 1 million amperes. In truth, they aren’t that practical at all. (really) Has science taken a wrong turn? It is referred to as "homopolar" or "unipolar" because only one pole of the magnet is used. Chronicles of scientific misbehavior. Thats due to my understanding of Aether Physics. The perverse "consensus of leading scientists." The magnetic field will be independent of any rotation of the magnet. by junglelord » Tue Oct 13, 2009 7:50 pm, Unread post This device consists of a conducting flywheel rotating in a magnetic field with one electrical contact near the axis and the other near the periphery. According to A. G. Kelly this suggests that an induced voltage in Faraday's experiment is due to the "cutting" of the circuit by the flux lines, and not by "flux linking" or the actual change in flux. The sign is chosen based upon Lenz's law: the field generated by the motion must oppose the change in flux caused by the rotation.[3]. Chronicles of scientific misbehavior. The result is that the galvanometer registers no current. In Faraday's model of electromagnetic induction, a circuit received an induced current when it cut lines of magnetic flux. Has science taken a wrong turn? by D_Archer » Tue Oct 13, 2009 3:51 am, Unread post Thunderbolts Forum Registration Information, ↳   (Defunct) Electric Universe - Origins of Myth, How does a homopolar generator work? Hence, the EMF is predicted to be zero in all three cases of rotation. I will say that again, the Aether is the magnetic field felt between two magnets. Is peer review working? However, In case 2, since there is no current observed--the magnetic field did not rotate with the rotating magnet. The ideas and opinions expressed on this forum do not necessarily reflect those of T-Bolts Group Inc or The Thunderbolts Project(TM), Unread post However, the Lorentz force law suggests a current does flow. When the disk spins, the electrons collect along the rim and leave a deficit near the axis (or the other way around).

[5] [6]. In fact, rotating the magnet does not alter the B-field. What is a homopolar motor used for?
Faraday attempted to explain the disagreement with observation by assuming that the magnet's field, complete with its lines of flux, remained stationary as the magnet rotated (a completely accurate picture, but maybe not intuitive in the lines-of-flux model). where ΦB is the flux, and d A is a vector element of area of a moving surface Σ(t) bounded by the loop around which the EMF is to be found.

An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy obtained from an external source into electrical energy as the output. It must be applied to circuits in which the material of the circuit remains the same. Now that it has been proven that the magnetic field rotates with the magnet as discussed in the observation section, what is really causing the paradox?
There are actually two modes of operation in which a homopolar generator can produce power. Coated copper wire is generally made of multiple thin copper filaments woven into a rope-like wire. The "flux rule" does not work in this case. Assuming a radius R for the disc, a sector of disc with central angle θ has an area: so the rate that flux sweeps past the imaginary line is, with ω = d θ / dt the angular rate of rotation. Nussbaum suggests that for Faraday's law to be valid work must be done in producing the change in flux. The homopolar generator can be explained using Faraday's law in integral form or by its equivalent differential form which is not exactly the same as the watered down, popular version of Maxwell's equations given to us by Oliver Heaviside. An electron at rest in the frame of the disc moves circularly with the disc relative to the B-field, and so experiences a radial Lorentz force. It has been used for generating very high currents at low voltages in applications such as welding, electrolysis and railgun research. In pulsed energy applications, the angular momentum of the rotor is used to store energy over a long period and then release it in a short time. [8] We start by calculating the force between two current carrying wires. The use of the Lorentz equation to explain the Faraday Paradox has led to a debate in the literature as to whether or not a magnetic field rotates with a magnet. We can also show an example when there is a change in flux, but no induced voltage. The stationary magnet and rotating disc is the most common method, but if both the magnet and the disc are spinning, power is still generated. It is possible in principle to measure the distribution of charge, for example, through the electromotive force generated between the rim and the axle (though not necessarily easy). This charge separation will be proportional to the magnetic field and the rotational velocity of the disk. Thus the Lorentz force experienced by the charged particle is . The motion is azimuthal and the field is axial, so the electromotive force is radial. Ensure you’re using wire which is uncoated, nonmagnetic, and somewhat pliable. If so, what corrections are needed? In Figure 1 this force (on a positive charge, not an electron) is outward toward the rim according to the right-hand rule. Referring to his example, Feynman said:[4], The "flux rule" does not work in this case. This means that there is a change in flux. Good public relations versus good science. Powered by, Report an Issue  |  The relative rotation of the disk and the magnet plays no role. There is no paradox or difficulty if one invokes the special theory of relativity. The magnet is held to prevent it from rotating, while the disc is spun on its axis.

This counterflow heats the disc rather than producing electrical current.

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