Neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly held theory that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how the brain changes throughout life. Lumbar drain: A drain is placed into the fluid around the spinal cord. Gray matter is the mass of all the cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses of neurons interlaced with one another, while white matter consists of the long, myelin-coated axons of those neurons connecting masses of gray matter to each other. It is the seat of higher-level thought like emotions and decision making (as opposed to lower-level thought like balance, movement, and reflexes).

An individual loses interest in generally all activities and may appear apathetic. No plagiarism, guaranteed! The occipital lobe is the visual-processing center of the brain.

Emotional arousal following a learning event influences the strength of the subsequent memory of that event, so that greater emotional arousal following a learning event enhances a person’s retention of that memory. Luckily, you stumbled across this ultimate guide to the brain for AP® Psychology that we have prepared for you. For example, the portion of the cortex that processes sensory information from the hand is adjacent to the portion that processes information from the wrist. The diencephalon is lower, containing the thalamus and hypothalamus (which together form the limbic system); the telencephalon is on top of the diencephalon and contains the cerebrum, the home of the highest-level cognitive processing in the brain. Suicides continue to happen at a higher rate, divorce cases are increasing everyday, and generally life does suck for almost everyone, and we want to talk of being stress-free! The latter three are all part of the limbic system, which generally regulates basic emotion such as fear and rage. It is the first region that formally belongs to the brain (rather than the spinal cord). Each hemisphere is made up of the cerebral cortex, or the outer layer of tissue of the hemispheres, and smaller subcortical structures. It thus allocates each type of processing to the particular brain area that is programmed for the job, controls the distribution of attention between the two sides and facilitates sustained attention in difficult cognitive tasks. Craniotomy: A surgeon drills a hole into the side of the skull to relieve high pressures. That is a chemical that alters the way brain structures process information. Some sensory messages are immediately acted on by the spinal cord, without any input from the brain. Watch this CrashCourse Psychology video for an overview on the brain and the interesting topics we’ll cover: The central nervous system (CNS), consists of the brain and the spinal cord. Reference this. Albert.io offers the best practice questions for high-stakes exams and core courses spanning grades 6-12. The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on the cerebral hemisphere. The thalamus is part of the limbic system. Except for the spinal cord, the brain’s lower-level structures are largely located within the hindbrain, diencephalon (or interbrain), and midbrain. Do you have another topic that you want an Ultimate Guide to?

The parietal lobe is comprised of the somatosensory cortex and part of the visual system. The following is a midsagittal view of the human brain showing the limbic system: The amygdale is an almond shaped nuclei mass which occurs deep within the temporal lobes adjacent to the hippocampus and medial to the hypothalamus. The occipital lobe is located in the back of the cerebral cortex.

It also receives output from the cerebral cortex about where these body parts should be. Different areas of the cortex control different areas of the body. This strip running along the side of the brain is in charge of voluntary movements like waving goodbye, wiggling your eyebrows, and kissing.

This in return has led to making the lives of human beings more complicated and difficult. The primary structures within the limbic system include the amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and cingulate gyrus. These subcortical structures include the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulbs.

The occipital lobe is important for its control of our visual processing. Figure 8. Ventral areas control motor function and convey motor information from the cerebral cortex. Summarize the structural elements and functions of the limbic system. These clusters of neurons, which differ in structure from the main part of the thalamus, have collectively been grouped into the allothalamus. Meet Your Master: Getting to Know Your Brain - Crash Course Psychology #4. All sensory and motor information that travels between the forebrain and the spinal cord passes through the midbrain, making it a relay station for the central nervous system. By the year 1970s, stress had become a major area of focus in research by medical practitioners as a way of addressing the issue in a better way amongst the population (Zapf, D., Dormann, C., & Frese, M., 1996, p. 96). Once the statue is complete, the weather will begin to erode the statue, which represents the lost connections that occur with old age. The brain is one of the largest and most complex organs in the human body. It regulates several functions including hearing, equilibrium, taste and facial sensations and movements. Psychology seeks to explain the mental processes and behavior of individuals by studying the interaction between mental processes and behavior on a systemic level.

In 2010, the exam had a question where students had to explain the behavior and perceptions of participants in a pep rally using a list of concepts, one of which was the occipital lobe.

It is the control center for respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive functions. Because nearly all sensory information passes through the thalamus it is considered the sensory “way station” of the brain, passing information on to the cerebral cortex (which is in the forebrain).
The Brain . Human and shark brains: The shark brain diverged on the evolutionary tree from the human brain, but both still have the “old” structures of the hindbrain and midbrain dedicated to autonomic bodily processes. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! [1] What we do know is that the left hemisphere controls the right half of the body, and the right hemisphere controls the left half of the body.

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