Some wasps also have long ovipositors to bypass caterpillar defense mechanisms such as spines or hairs, or to reach deeply-burrowed Coleoptera larvae in tree trunks. Relationships among the helconoids vary considerably depending on the parameters used for parsimony analysis.". / Wharton, R. A.; Shaw, S. R.; Sharkey, M. J.; Wahl, D. B.; Woolley, J.
[3], The former subfamily Trachypetinae, containing three rare Australian genera of large parasitoid wasps, was removed in 2020 to form a new family, Trachypetidae, considered to be sister taxon to the remaining braconids.
and Shaw, {S. R.} and Sharkey, {M. in >200 genera of 36 subfamilies in our area; close to 20,000 spp. and Marsh, {P. M.} and W. Johnson". One unusual Australian group are cecidogenic (gall-inducers) on Banksia spp., while the endemic Australian Trachypetinae are thought to be the most primitive extant braconid subfamily. The exact function and evolutionary history of these viruses are unknown. The name is derived from the character Beatrix Kiddo from the 2003 film Kill Bill, because of their resemblance in action and colour. The antennae have 16 segments or more; the hind trochanters have two segments. Therefore, it is general practice, when discussing the body of an apocritan in a technical sense, to refer to the mesosoma and metasoma rather than the "thorax" and "abdomen", respectively. Whether the Rogadinae are also part of this group is not known. Agromyzidae. classification in the guide follows . The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. B.} C. gonopterygis and C. risilis are host-specific and parasitize the common brimstone.
Achterberg, C. van 1995. B.} The Ichneumonidae, also known as the ichneumon wasps or ichneumonids, is a parasitoid wasp family within the insect order Hymenoptera. Family Braconidae (Braconid Wasps) Synonyms and other taxonomic changes . The Rogadinae are a large subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. This makes it one of the richest subfamilies with the most species of parasitoid wasps. 0000023393 00000 n
H�b```"S� ���,@FFFA�T���
w/�g!�7.�ܛ�v���ܬw+����1�j罍u�u�\��\���9�ns�pks%sqp�p|e�����霥q���_�˾��p;l�e�������M��K�B�@`�¤n�C"�\*Mw,�;�(� ,���ɷ��S�Ѝ�I�r�C;v_��V �������s�h+�ț'�I��/K�v�uw�I�EZ�j�����)�
G%9 doi = "10.1111/j.1096-0031.1992.tb00068.x", https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1992.tb00068.x. title = "PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT". PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA : ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT.
0000026962 00000 n
The Amicrocentrinae are a subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. Several species have been used in biological control programs of various aphids. Braconids are distinguished from their sister group Ichneumonidae by these character combinations. While a dose of 400 to 1000 rads can kill an average human, a dose of 180,000 rads was required to kill a braconid of genus Habrobracon in an experiment. These bracoviruses are often used by the wasps instead of, or in addition to, a venom cocktail. pp. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 298: 1-242. It includes wasps, bees, and ants, and consists of many families. These groups may be clades that diverged early in the evolution of braconids. For example, Microgastrinae, Cardiochilinae and Agathidinae parasitise lepidopteran larvae, Opiinae and Alysiinae attack dipteran larvae, Doryctinae and Helconinae mostly parasitise Coleoptera, and Aphidiinae parasitise aphids. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. It is one of the four species under the genus Cystomastacoides, and the only species in Thailand. Little or no sequence homology exists between BV and IV, suggesting that the two genera evolved independently for a long time. Braconids are speciose in most habitats.
They are closely related to Ichneumonidae but can be distinguished from them by the following characters: vein 2m-cu of the fore wing absent, basal cell in hind wing shorter than vein SC + R, and metasomal terga 2 and 3 fused, not free and moveable. Belokobylskij S. A. 0000014225 00000 n
in >1000 genera of ~50 subfamilies worldwide. Dinotrema is a genus of wasps in the family Braconidae. Ichneumonid wasps, with very few exceptions, attack the immature stages of holometabolous insects and spiders, eventually killing their hosts. [11] Braconids often will prey on fruit fly larvae like A. suspensa as well. Members of this subfamily were previously included in the Macrocentrinae. The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. 0000001857 00000 n
Polydnaviruses form a symbiotic relationship with parasitoid wasps, but these wasps are themselves parasitic on Lepidoptera. In Braconidae, metasomal tergum 2 is fused with tergum 3, (secondarily flexible in Aphidiinae) - 90% of Ichneumonidae have a flexible suture. there are about 15,000 described species (Wharton, Systematic Entomology. The Braconidae is one of the largest families of wasps, and they are commonly collected in all geographic realms. Current estimates are that there are about 15,000 described species (Wharton, 1997b), which are divided into 43 subfamilies (Achterberg, C. van (1993). Fourteen subfamilies. The alysiines are characterized by having exodont �-���[2�]c�! Some species have been used in biological control programs. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Illustrated key to the subfamilies of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Author links open overlay panel Nicholas Murphy a Jonathan C. … 0000011883 00000 n
[6] [7] Braconids are often used as biological pest control agents, especially against aphids. [8]. Numerous genera and species formerly unknown to science are being described every year. Consensus trees show the cyclostomes as a largely unresolved basal grade.
B.; Whitfield, J. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. Classification The Braconidae are currently divided into about 47 subfamilies and over 1000 genera, which include Aerophilus, Aleiodes, Apanteles, Asobara, Bracon, Cenocoelius, Chaenusa, Chorebus, Cotesia, Dacnusa, Diachasma, Microgaster, Opius, Parapanteles, Phaenocarpa, Spathius, and … (2014) They are often black-brown (sometimes with reddish markings), though some species exhibit striking coloration and patterns, being parts of Müllerian mimicry complexes. There are only two families in the Ichneumonoidea (Ichneumonidae, Braconidae), Fourteen subfamilies. PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT. Through the evolutionary history of being used by the wasps, these viruses apparently have become so modified, they appear unlike any other known viruses today. Some species parasitize caterpillars of species considered as pests. The Braconidae is one of the largest families of wasps, and they are A.} Species are parasitoids with a wide range of biology, They develop as either primary endo- or ectoparasitoids on a wide variety of insect hosts, with specific … [12], Endoparasitoid species often display elaborate physiological adaptations to enhance larval survival within the host, such as the co-option of endosymbiotic viruses for compromising host immune defenses. Antenna with more than 16 There are currently 53 species in this family, divided among 2 genera. Relationships among the helconoids vary considerably depending on the parameters used for parsimony analysis. Relationships among the Cyclostome Braconid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Subfamilies Inferred from a Mitochondrial tRNA Gene Rearrangement ... M. CapekA new classification of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) based on the cephalic structures of the final instar larva and biological evidence.
There are approximately 350 species described around worldwide. 0000012569 00000 n
@article{544d431388734a459242ea12732f3c20. The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. Vein 1/Rs+M of the forewing is 85% present in Braconidae, but absent in all Ichneumonidae. Background and aims.The Doryctinae is a considerably diverse, poorly studied group of parasitoid wasps and one of the most diverse subfamilies within Braconidae.Taxonomic knowledge of this group remains highly incomplete, specially in the tropics. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 283: 1-189. The family seems to date from early Cretaceous (provided that Eobracon is properly assigned to this family). The majority of species parasitise the larval stage of their hosts; rarely do they oviposit into host eggs, pupae or adults. B. Whitfield, P. M. Marsh, W. Johnson, Research output: Contribution to journal › Article. N2 - Abstract— The recently published phylogeny of Braconidae by Quicke and van Achterberg is reassessed.
Some wasps also have long ovipositors to bypass caterpillar defense mechanisms such as spines or hairs, or to reach deeply-burrowed Coleoptera larvae in tree trunks. Relationships among the helconoids vary considerably depending on the parameters used for parsimony analysis.". / Wharton, R. A.; Shaw, S. R.; Sharkey, M. J.; Wahl, D. B.; Woolley, J.
[3], The former subfamily Trachypetinae, containing three rare Australian genera of large parasitoid wasps, was removed in 2020 to form a new family, Trachypetidae, considered to be sister taxon to the remaining braconids.
and Shaw, {S. R.} and Sharkey, {M. in >200 genera of 36 subfamilies in our area; close to 20,000 spp. and Marsh, {P. M.} and W. Johnson". One unusual Australian group are cecidogenic (gall-inducers) on Banksia spp., while the endemic Australian Trachypetinae are thought to be the most primitive extant braconid subfamily. The exact function and evolutionary history of these viruses are unknown. The name is derived from the character Beatrix Kiddo from the 2003 film Kill Bill, because of their resemblance in action and colour. The antennae have 16 segments or more; the hind trochanters have two segments. Therefore, it is general practice, when discussing the body of an apocritan in a technical sense, to refer to the mesosoma and metasoma rather than the "thorax" and "abdomen", respectively. Whether the Rogadinae are also part of this group is not known. Agromyzidae. classification in the guide follows . The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. B.} C. gonopterygis and C. risilis are host-specific and parasitize the common brimstone.
Achterberg, C. van 1995. B.} The Ichneumonidae, also known as the ichneumon wasps or ichneumonids, is a parasitoid wasp family within the insect order Hymenoptera. Family Braconidae (Braconid Wasps) Synonyms and other taxonomic changes . The Rogadinae are a large subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. This makes it one of the richest subfamilies with the most species of parasitoid wasps. 0000023393 00000 n
H�b```"S� ���,@FFFA�T���
w/�g!�7.�ܛ�v���ܬw+����1�j罍u�u�\��\���9�ns�pks%sqp�p|e�����霥q���_�˾��p;l�e�������M��K�B�@`�¤n�C"�\*Mw,�;�(� ,���ɷ��S�Ѝ�I�r�C;v_��V �������s�h+�ț'�I��/K�v�uw�I�EZ�j�����)�
G%9 doi = "10.1111/j.1096-0031.1992.tb00068.x", https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1992.tb00068.x. title = "PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT". PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA : ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT.
0000026962 00000 n
The Amicrocentrinae are a subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. Several species have been used in biological control programs of various aphids. Braconids are distinguished from their sister group Ichneumonidae by these character combinations. While a dose of 400 to 1000 rads can kill an average human, a dose of 180,000 rads was required to kill a braconid of genus Habrobracon in an experiment. These bracoviruses are often used by the wasps instead of, or in addition to, a venom cocktail. pp. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 298: 1-242. It includes wasps, bees, and ants, and consists of many families. These groups may be clades that diverged early in the evolution of braconids. For example, Microgastrinae, Cardiochilinae and Agathidinae parasitise lepidopteran larvae, Opiinae and Alysiinae attack dipteran larvae, Doryctinae and Helconinae mostly parasitise Coleoptera, and Aphidiinae parasitise aphids. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. It is one of the four species under the genus Cystomastacoides, and the only species in Thailand. Little or no sequence homology exists between BV and IV, suggesting that the two genera evolved independently for a long time. Braconids are speciose in most habitats.
They are closely related to Ichneumonidae but can be distinguished from them by the following characters: vein 2m-cu of the fore wing absent, basal cell in hind wing shorter than vein SC + R, and metasomal terga 2 and 3 fused, not free and moveable. Belokobylskij S. A. 0000014225 00000 n
in >1000 genera of ~50 subfamilies worldwide. Dinotrema is a genus of wasps in the family Braconidae. Ichneumonid wasps, with very few exceptions, attack the immature stages of holometabolous insects and spiders, eventually killing their hosts. [11] Braconids often will prey on fruit fly larvae like A. suspensa as well. Members of this subfamily were previously included in the Macrocentrinae. The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. 0000001857 00000 n
Polydnaviruses form a symbiotic relationship with parasitoid wasps, but these wasps are themselves parasitic on Lepidoptera. In Braconidae, metasomal tergum 2 is fused with tergum 3, (secondarily flexible in Aphidiinae) - 90% of Ichneumonidae have a flexible suture. there are about 15,000 described species (Wharton, Systematic Entomology. The Braconidae is one of the largest families of wasps, and they are commonly collected in all geographic realms. Current estimates are that there are about 15,000 described species (Wharton, 1997b), which are divided into 43 subfamilies (Achterberg, C. van (1993). Fourteen subfamilies. The alysiines are characterized by having exodont �-���[2�]c�! Some species have been used in biological control programs. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Illustrated key to the subfamilies of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Author links open overlay panel Nicholas Murphy a Jonathan C. … 0000011883 00000 n
[6] [7] Braconids are often used as biological pest control agents, especially against aphids. [8]. Numerous genera and species formerly unknown to science are being described every year. Consensus trees show the cyclostomes as a largely unresolved basal grade.
B.; Whitfield, J. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. Classification The Braconidae are currently divided into about 47 subfamilies and over 1000 genera, which include Aerophilus, Aleiodes, Apanteles, Asobara, Bracon, Cenocoelius, Chaenusa, Chorebus, Cotesia, Dacnusa, Diachasma, Microgaster, Opius, Parapanteles, Phaenocarpa, Spathius, and … (2014) They are often black-brown (sometimes with reddish markings), though some species exhibit striking coloration and patterns, being parts of Müllerian mimicry complexes. There are only two families in the Ichneumonoidea (Ichneumonidae, Braconidae), Fourteen subfamilies. PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT. Through the evolutionary history of being used by the wasps, these viruses apparently have become so modified, they appear unlike any other known viruses today. Some species parasitize caterpillars of species considered as pests. The Braconidae is one of the largest families of wasps, and they are A.} Species are parasitoids with a wide range of biology, They develop as either primary endo- or ectoparasitoids on a wide variety of insect hosts, with specific … [12], Endoparasitoid species often display elaborate physiological adaptations to enhance larval survival within the host, such as the co-option of endosymbiotic viruses for compromising host immune defenses. Antenna with more than 16 There are currently 53 species in this family, divided among 2 genera. Relationships among the helconoids vary considerably depending on the parameters used for parsimony analysis. Relationships among the Cyclostome Braconid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Subfamilies Inferred from a Mitochondrial tRNA Gene Rearrangement ... M. CapekA new classification of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) based on the cephalic structures of the final instar larva and biological evidence.
There are approximately 350 species described around worldwide. 0000012569 00000 n
@article{544d431388734a459242ea12732f3c20. The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. Vein 1/Rs+M of the forewing is 85% present in Braconidae, but absent in all Ichneumonidae. Background and aims.The Doryctinae is a considerably diverse, poorly studied group of parasitoid wasps and one of the most diverse subfamilies within Braconidae.Taxonomic knowledge of this group remains highly incomplete, specially in the tropics. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 283: 1-189. The family seems to date from early Cretaceous (provided that Eobracon is properly assigned to this family). The majority of species parasitise the larval stage of their hosts; rarely do they oviposit into host eggs, pupae or adults. B. Whitfield, P. M. Marsh, W. Johnson, Research output: Contribution to journal › Article. N2 - Abstract— The recently published phylogeny of Braconidae by Quicke and van Achterberg is reassessed.
Some wasps also have long ovipositors to bypass caterpillar defense mechanisms such as spines or hairs, or to reach deeply-burrowed Coleoptera larvae in tree trunks. Relationships among the helconoids vary considerably depending on the parameters used for parsimony analysis.". / Wharton, R. A.; Shaw, S. R.; Sharkey, M. J.; Wahl, D. B.; Woolley, J.
[3], The former subfamily Trachypetinae, containing three rare Australian genera of large parasitoid wasps, was removed in 2020 to form a new family, Trachypetidae, considered to be sister taxon to the remaining braconids.
and Shaw, {S. R.} and Sharkey, {M. in >200 genera of 36 subfamilies in our area; close to 20,000 spp. and Marsh, {P. M.} and W. Johnson". One unusual Australian group are cecidogenic (gall-inducers) on Banksia spp., while the endemic Australian Trachypetinae are thought to be the most primitive extant braconid subfamily. The exact function and evolutionary history of these viruses are unknown. The name is derived from the character Beatrix Kiddo from the 2003 film Kill Bill, because of their resemblance in action and colour. The antennae have 16 segments or more; the hind trochanters have two segments. Therefore, it is general practice, when discussing the body of an apocritan in a technical sense, to refer to the mesosoma and metasoma rather than the "thorax" and "abdomen", respectively. Whether the Rogadinae are also part of this group is not known. Agromyzidae. classification in the guide follows . The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. B.} C. gonopterygis and C. risilis are host-specific and parasitize the common brimstone.
Achterberg, C. van 1995. B.} The Ichneumonidae, also known as the ichneumon wasps or ichneumonids, is a parasitoid wasp family within the insect order Hymenoptera. Family Braconidae (Braconid Wasps) Synonyms and other taxonomic changes . The Rogadinae are a large subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. This makes it one of the richest subfamilies with the most species of parasitoid wasps. 0000023393 00000 n
H�b```"S� ���,@FFFA�T���
w/�g!�7.�ܛ�v���ܬw+����1�j罍u�u�\��\���9�ns�pks%sqp�p|e�����霥q���_�˾��p;l�e�������M��K�B�@`�¤n�C"�\*Mw,�;�(� ,���ɷ��S�Ѝ�I�r�C;v_��V �������s�h+�ț'�I��/K�v�uw�I�EZ�j�����)�
G%9 doi = "10.1111/j.1096-0031.1992.tb00068.x", https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1992.tb00068.x. title = "PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT". PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA : ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT.
0000026962 00000 n
The Amicrocentrinae are a subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. Several species have been used in biological control programs of various aphids. Braconids are distinguished from their sister group Ichneumonidae by these character combinations. While a dose of 400 to 1000 rads can kill an average human, a dose of 180,000 rads was required to kill a braconid of genus Habrobracon in an experiment. These bracoviruses are often used by the wasps instead of, or in addition to, a venom cocktail. pp. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 298: 1-242. It includes wasps, bees, and ants, and consists of many families. These groups may be clades that diverged early in the evolution of braconids. For example, Microgastrinae, Cardiochilinae and Agathidinae parasitise lepidopteran larvae, Opiinae and Alysiinae attack dipteran larvae, Doryctinae and Helconinae mostly parasitise Coleoptera, and Aphidiinae parasitise aphids. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. It is one of the four species under the genus Cystomastacoides, and the only species in Thailand. Little or no sequence homology exists between BV and IV, suggesting that the two genera evolved independently for a long time. Braconids are speciose in most habitats.
They are closely related to Ichneumonidae but can be distinguished from them by the following characters: vein 2m-cu of the fore wing absent, basal cell in hind wing shorter than vein SC + R, and metasomal terga 2 and 3 fused, not free and moveable. Belokobylskij S. A. 0000014225 00000 n
in >1000 genera of ~50 subfamilies worldwide. Dinotrema is a genus of wasps in the family Braconidae. Ichneumonid wasps, with very few exceptions, attack the immature stages of holometabolous insects and spiders, eventually killing their hosts. [11] Braconids often will prey on fruit fly larvae like A. suspensa as well. Members of this subfamily were previously included in the Macrocentrinae. The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. 0000001857 00000 n
Polydnaviruses form a symbiotic relationship with parasitoid wasps, but these wasps are themselves parasitic on Lepidoptera. In Braconidae, metasomal tergum 2 is fused with tergum 3, (secondarily flexible in Aphidiinae) - 90% of Ichneumonidae have a flexible suture. there are about 15,000 described species (Wharton, Systematic Entomology. The Braconidae is one of the largest families of wasps, and they are commonly collected in all geographic realms. Current estimates are that there are about 15,000 described species (Wharton, 1997b), which are divided into 43 subfamilies (Achterberg, C. van (1993). Fourteen subfamilies. The alysiines are characterized by having exodont �-���[2�]c�! Some species have been used in biological control programs. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Illustrated key to the subfamilies of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Author links open overlay panel Nicholas Murphy a Jonathan C. … 0000011883 00000 n
[6] [7] Braconids are often used as biological pest control agents, especially against aphids. [8]. Numerous genera and species formerly unknown to science are being described every year. Consensus trees show the cyclostomes as a largely unresolved basal grade.
B.; Whitfield, J. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. Classification The Braconidae are currently divided into about 47 subfamilies and over 1000 genera, which include Aerophilus, Aleiodes, Apanteles, Asobara, Bracon, Cenocoelius, Chaenusa, Chorebus, Cotesia, Dacnusa, Diachasma, Microgaster, Opius, Parapanteles, Phaenocarpa, Spathius, and … (2014) They are often black-brown (sometimes with reddish markings), though some species exhibit striking coloration and patterns, being parts of Müllerian mimicry complexes. There are only two families in the Ichneumonoidea (Ichneumonidae, Braconidae), Fourteen subfamilies. PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT. Through the evolutionary history of being used by the wasps, these viruses apparently have become so modified, they appear unlike any other known viruses today. Some species parasitize caterpillars of species considered as pests. The Braconidae is one of the largest families of wasps, and they are A.} Species are parasitoids with a wide range of biology, They develop as either primary endo- or ectoparasitoids on a wide variety of insect hosts, with specific … [12], Endoparasitoid species often display elaborate physiological adaptations to enhance larval survival within the host, such as the co-option of endosymbiotic viruses for compromising host immune defenses. Antenna with more than 16 There are currently 53 species in this family, divided among 2 genera. Relationships among the helconoids vary considerably depending on the parameters used for parsimony analysis. Relationships among the Cyclostome Braconid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Subfamilies Inferred from a Mitochondrial tRNA Gene Rearrangement ... M. CapekA new classification of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) based on the cephalic structures of the final instar larva and biological evidence.
There are approximately 350 species described around worldwide. 0000012569 00000 n
@article{544d431388734a459242ea12732f3c20. The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. Vein 1/Rs+M of the forewing is 85% present in Braconidae, but absent in all Ichneumonidae. Background and aims.The Doryctinae is a considerably diverse, poorly studied group of parasitoid wasps and one of the most diverse subfamilies within Braconidae.Taxonomic knowledge of this group remains highly incomplete, specially in the tropics. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 283: 1-189. The family seems to date from early Cretaceous (provided that Eobracon is properly assigned to this family). The majority of species parasitise the larval stage of their hosts; rarely do they oviposit into host eggs, pupae or adults. B. Whitfield, P. M. Marsh, W. Johnson, Research output: Contribution to journal › Article. N2 - Abstract— The recently published phylogeny of Braconidae by Quicke and van Achterberg is reassessed.
Some wasps also have long ovipositors to bypass caterpillar defense mechanisms such as spines or hairs, or to reach deeply-burrowed Coleoptera larvae in tree trunks. Relationships among the helconoids vary considerably depending on the parameters used for parsimony analysis.". / Wharton, R. A.; Shaw, S. R.; Sharkey, M. J.; Wahl, D. B.; Woolley, J.
[3], The former subfamily Trachypetinae, containing three rare Australian genera of large parasitoid wasps, was removed in 2020 to form a new family, Trachypetidae, considered to be sister taxon to the remaining braconids.
and Shaw, {S. R.} and Sharkey, {M. in >200 genera of 36 subfamilies in our area; close to 20,000 spp. and Marsh, {P. M.} and W. Johnson". One unusual Australian group are cecidogenic (gall-inducers) on Banksia spp., while the endemic Australian Trachypetinae are thought to be the most primitive extant braconid subfamily. The exact function and evolutionary history of these viruses are unknown. The name is derived from the character Beatrix Kiddo from the 2003 film Kill Bill, because of their resemblance in action and colour. The antennae have 16 segments or more; the hind trochanters have two segments. Therefore, it is general practice, when discussing the body of an apocritan in a technical sense, to refer to the mesosoma and metasoma rather than the "thorax" and "abdomen", respectively. Whether the Rogadinae are also part of this group is not known. Agromyzidae. classification in the guide follows . The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. B.} C. gonopterygis and C. risilis are host-specific and parasitize the common brimstone.
Achterberg, C. van 1995. B.} The Ichneumonidae, also known as the ichneumon wasps or ichneumonids, is a parasitoid wasp family within the insect order Hymenoptera. Family Braconidae (Braconid Wasps) Synonyms and other taxonomic changes . The Rogadinae are a large subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. This makes it one of the richest subfamilies with the most species of parasitoid wasps. 0000023393 00000 n
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G%9 doi = "10.1111/j.1096-0031.1992.tb00068.x", https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1992.tb00068.x. title = "PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT". PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA : ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT.
0000026962 00000 n
The Amicrocentrinae are a subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. Several species have been used in biological control programs of various aphids. Braconids are distinguished from their sister group Ichneumonidae by these character combinations. While a dose of 400 to 1000 rads can kill an average human, a dose of 180,000 rads was required to kill a braconid of genus Habrobracon in an experiment. These bracoviruses are often used by the wasps instead of, or in addition to, a venom cocktail. pp. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 298: 1-242. It includes wasps, bees, and ants, and consists of many families. These groups may be clades that diverged early in the evolution of braconids. For example, Microgastrinae, Cardiochilinae and Agathidinae parasitise lepidopteran larvae, Opiinae and Alysiinae attack dipteran larvae, Doryctinae and Helconinae mostly parasitise Coleoptera, and Aphidiinae parasitise aphids. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. It is one of the four species under the genus Cystomastacoides, and the only species in Thailand. Little or no sequence homology exists between BV and IV, suggesting that the two genera evolved independently for a long time. Braconids are speciose in most habitats.
They are closely related to Ichneumonidae but can be distinguished from them by the following characters: vein 2m-cu of the fore wing absent, basal cell in hind wing shorter than vein SC + R, and metasomal terga 2 and 3 fused, not free and moveable. Belokobylskij S. A. 0000014225 00000 n
in >1000 genera of ~50 subfamilies worldwide. Dinotrema is a genus of wasps in the family Braconidae. Ichneumonid wasps, with very few exceptions, attack the immature stages of holometabolous insects and spiders, eventually killing their hosts. [11] Braconids often will prey on fruit fly larvae like A. suspensa as well. Members of this subfamily were previously included in the Macrocentrinae. The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. 0000001857 00000 n
Polydnaviruses form a symbiotic relationship with parasitoid wasps, but these wasps are themselves parasitic on Lepidoptera. In Braconidae, metasomal tergum 2 is fused with tergum 3, (secondarily flexible in Aphidiinae) - 90% of Ichneumonidae have a flexible suture. there are about 15,000 described species (Wharton, Systematic Entomology. The Braconidae is one of the largest families of wasps, and they are commonly collected in all geographic realms. Current estimates are that there are about 15,000 described species (Wharton, 1997b), which are divided into 43 subfamilies (Achterberg, C. van (1993). Fourteen subfamilies. The alysiines are characterized by having exodont �-���[2�]c�! Some species have been used in biological control programs. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Illustrated key to the subfamilies of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Author links open overlay panel Nicholas Murphy a Jonathan C. … 0000011883 00000 n
[6] [7] Braconids are often used as biological pest control agents, especially against aphids. [8]. Numerous genera and species formerly unknown to science are being described every year. Consensus trees show the cyclostomes as a largely unresolved basal grade.
B.; Whitfield, J. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. Classification The Braconidae are currently divided into about 47 subfamilies and over 1000 genera, which include Aerophilus, Aleiodes, Apanteles, Asobara, Bracon, Cenocoelius, Chaenusa, Chorebus, Cotesia, Dacnusa, Diachasma, Microgaster, Opius, Parapanteles, Phaenocarpa, Spathius, and … (2014) They are often black-brown (sometimes with reddish markings), though some species exhibit striking coloration and patterns, being parts of Müllerian mimicry complexes. There are only two families in the Ichneumonoidea (Ichneumonidae, Braconidae), Fourteen subfamilies. PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT. Through the evolutionary history of being used by the wasps, these viruses apparently have become so modified, they appear unlike any other known viruses today. Some species parasitize caterpillars of species considered as pests. The Braconidae is one of the largest families of wasps, and they are A.} Species are parasitoids with a wide range of biology, They develop as either primary endo- or ectoparasitoids on a wide variety of insect hosts, with specific … [12], Endoparasitoid species often display elaborate physiological adaptations to enhance larval survival within the host, such as the co-option of endosymbiotic viruses for compromising host immune defenses. Antenna with more than 16 There are currently 53 species in this family, divided among 2 genera. Relationships among the helconoids vary considerably depending on the parameters used for parsimony analysis. Relationships among the Cyclostome Braconid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Subfamilies Inferred from a Mitochondrial tRNA Gene Rearrangement ... M. CapekA new classification of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) based on the cephalic structures of the final instar larva and biological evidence.
There are approximately 350 species described around worldwide. 0000012569 00000 n
@article{544d431388734a459242ea12732f3c20. The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. Vein 1/Rs+M of the forewing is 85% present in Braconidae, but absent in all Ichneumonidae. Background and aims.The Doryctinae is a considerably diverse, poorly studied group of parasitoid wasps and one of the most diverse subfamilies within Braconidae.Taxonomic knowledge of this group remains highly incomplete, specially in the tropics. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 283: 1-189. The family seems to date from early Cretaceous (provided that Eobracon is properly assigned to this family). The majority of species parasitise the larval stage of their hosts; rarely do they oviposit into host eggs, pupae or adults. B. Whitfield, P. M. Marsh, W. Johnson, Research output: Contribution to journal › Article. N2 - Abstract— The recently published phylogeny of Braconidae by Quicke and van Achterberg is reassessed.
Some wasps also have long ovipositors to bypass caterpillar defense mechanisms such as spines or hairs, or to reach deeply-burrowed Coleoptera larvae in tree trunks. Relationships among the helconoids vary considerably depending on the parameters used for parsimony analysis.". / Wharton, R. A.; Shaw, S. R.; Sharkey, M. J.; Wahl, D. B.; Woolley, J.
[3], The former subfamily Trachypetinae, containing three rare Australian genera of large parasitoid wasps, was removed in 2020 to form a new family, Trachypetidae, considered to be sister taxon to the remaining braconids.
and Shaw, {S. R.} and Sharkey, {M. in >200 genera of 36 subfamilies in our area; close to 20,000 spp. and Marsh, {P. M.} and W. Johnson". One unusual Australian group are cecidogenic (gall-inducers) on Banksia spp., while the endemic Australian Trachypetinae are thought to be the most primitive extant braconid subfamily. The exact function and evolutionary history of these viruses are unknown. The name is derived from the character Beatrix Kiddo from the 2003 film Kill Bill, because of their resemblance in action and colour. The antennae have 16 segments or more; the hind trochanters have two segments. Therefore, it is general practice, when discussing the body of an apocritan in a technical sense, to refer to the mesosoma and metasoma rather than the "thorax" and "abdomen", respectively. Whether the Rogadinae are also part of this group is not known. Agromyzidae. classification in the guide follows . The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. B.} C. gonopterygis and C. risilis are host-specific and parasitize the common brimstone.
Achterberg, C. van 1995. B.} The Ichneumonidae, also known as the ichneumon wasps or ichneumonids, is a parasitoid wasp family within the insect order Hymenoptera. Family Braconidae (Braconid Wasps) Synonyms and other taxonomic changes . The Rogadinae are a large subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. This makes it one of the richest subfamilies with the most species of parasitoid wasps. 0000023393 00000 n
H�b```"S� ���,@FFFA�T���
w/�g!�7.�ܛ�v���ܬw+����1�j罍u�u�\��\���9�ns�pks%sqp�p|e�����霥q���_�˾��p;l�e�������M��K�B�@`�¤n�C"�\*Mw,�;�(� ,���ɷ��S�Ѝ�I�r�C;v_��V �������s�h+�ț'�I��/K�v�uw�I�EZ�j�����)�
G%9 doi = "10.1111/j.1096-0031.1992.tb00068.x", https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1992.tb00068.x. title = "PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT". PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA : ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT.
0000026962 00000 n
The Amicrocentrinae are a subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. Several species have been used in biological control programs of various aphids. Braconids are distinguished from their sister group Ichneumonidae by these character combinations. While a dose of 400 to 1000 rads can kill an average human, a dose of 180,000 rads was required to kill a braconid of genus Habrobracon in an experiment. These bracoviruses are often used by the wasps instead of, or in addition to, a venom cocktail. pp. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 298: 1-242. It includes wasps, bees, and ants, and consists of many families. These groups may be clades that diverged early in the evolution of braconids. For example, Microgastrinae, Cardiochilinae and Agathidinae parasitise lepidopteran larvae, Opiinae and Alysiinae attack dipteran larvae, Doryctinae and Helconinae mostly parasitise Coleoptera, and Aphidiinae parasitise aphids. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. It is one of the four species under the genus Cystomastacoides, and the only species in Thailand. Little or no sequence homology exists between BV and IV, suggesting that the two genera evolved independently for a long time. Braconids are speciose in most habitats.
They are closely related to Ichneumonidae but can be distinguished from them by the following characters: vein 2m-cu of the fore wing absent, basal cell in hind wing shorter than vein SC + R, and metasomal terga 2 and 3 fused, not free and moveable. Belokobylskij S. A. 0000014225 00000 n
in >1000 genera of ~50 subfamilies worldwide. Dinotrema is a genus of wasps in the family Braconidae. Ichneumonid wasps, with very few exceptions, attack the immature stages of holometabolous insects and spiders, eventually killing their hosts. [11] Braconids often will prey on fruit fly larvae like A. suspensa as well. Members of this subfamily were previously included in the Macrocentrinae. The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. 0000001857 00000 n
Polydnaviruses form a symbiotic relationship with parasitoid wasps, but these wasps are themselves parasitic on Lepidoptera. In Braconidae, metasomal tergum 2 is fused with tergum 3, (secondarily flexible in Aphidiinae) - 90% of Ichneumonidae have a flexible suture. there are about 15,000 described species (Wharton, Systematic Entomology. The Braconidae is one of the largest families of wasps, and they are commonly collected in all geographic realms. Current estimates are that there are about 15,000 described species (Wharton, 1997b), which are divided into 43 subfamilies (Achterberg, C. van (1993). Fourteen subfamilies. The alysiines are characterized by having exodont �-���[2�]c�! Some species have been used in biological control programs. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Illustrated key to the subfamilies of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Author links open overlay panel Nicholas Murphy a Jonathan C. … 0000011883 00000 n
[6] [7] Braconids are often used as biological pest control agents, especially against aphids. [8]. Numerous genera and species formerly unknown to science are being described every year. Consensus trees show the cyclostomes as a largely unresolved basal grade.
B.; Whitfield, J. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. Classification The Braconidae are currently divided into about 47 subfamilies and over 1000 genera, which include Aerophilus, Aleiodes, Apanteles, Asobara, Bracon, Cenocoelius, Chaenusa, Chorebus, Cotesia, Dacnusa, Diachasma, Microgaster, Opius, Parapanteles, Phaenocarpa, Spathius, and … (2014) They are often black-brown (sometimes with reddish markings), though some species exhibit striking coloration and patterns, being parts of Müllerian mimicry complexes. There are only two families in the Ichneumonoidea (Ichneumonidae, Braconidae), Fourteen subfamilies. PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT. Through the evolutionary history of being used by the wasps, these viruses apparently have become so modified, they appear unlike any other known viruses today. Some species parasitize caterpillars of species considered as pests. The Braconidae is one of the largest families of wasps, and they are A.} Species are parasitoids with a wide range of biology, They develop as either primary endo- or ectoparasitoids on a wide variety of insect hosts, with specific … [12], Endoparasitoid species often display elaborate physiological adaptations to enhance larval survival within the host, such as the co-option of endosymbiotic viruses for compromising host immune defenses. Antenna with more than 16 There are currently 53 species in this family, divided among 2 genera. Relationships among the helconoids vary considerably depending on the parameters used for parsimony analysis. Relationships among the Cyclostome Braconid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Subfamilies Inferred from a Mitochondrial tRNA Gene Rearrangement ... M. CapekA new classification of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) based on the cephalic structures of the final instar larva and biological evidence.
There are approximately 350 species described around worldwide. 0000012569 00000 n
@article{544d431388734a459242ea12732f3c20. The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. Vein 1/Rs+M of the forewing is 85% present in Braconidae, but absent in all Ichneumonidae. Background and aims.The Doryctinae is a considerably diverse, poorly studied group of parasitoid wasps and one of the most diverse subfamilies within Braconidae.Taxonomic knowledge of this group remains highly incomplete, specially in the tropics. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 283: 1-189. The family seems to date from early Cretaceous (provided that Eobracon is properly assigned to this family). The majority of species parasitise the larval stage of their hosts; rarely do they oviposit into host eggs, pupae or adults. B. Whitfield, P. M. Marsh, W. Johnson, Research output: Contribution to journal › Article. N2 - Abstract— The recently published phylogeny of Braconidae by Quicke and van Achterberg is reassessed.
The four genera included are †Acampsohelcon, Afrocampsis, Canalicephalus, and Urosigalphus.
Numbers >1700 spp. Phylogeny of the parasitic microgastroid subfamilies (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on sequence data from seven genes, with an improved time estimate of the origin of the lineage. 0000024104 00000 n
At the same time, it is one of the groups for which our knowledge most severely lags behind their actual diversity. Further information about the Braconidae can be found in Austin & Dangerfield 1992, Austin & Dangerfied 1998, Austin, Wharton & Dangerfield 1993, Naumann 1991, Shaw & Huddleston 1991, Wahl & Sharkey 1993 and Wharton, Marsh & Sharkey 1997. Hebert, B.A. 5 closed cells). The species was found during a 2006-2008 insect collection programme in Thailand. Consensus trees show the cyclostomes as a largely unresolved basal grade. Using taxonomic revision data to estimate the geographic and taxonomic distribution of undescribed species richness in the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). The Braconidae are currently divided into about 47 subfamilies and over 1000 genera, [2] which include Aerophilus , Aleiodes , Apanteles , Asobara , Bracon , Cenocoelius , Chaenusa , Chorebus , Cotesia , Dacnusa , Diachasma , Microgaster , Opius , Parapanteles , Phaenocarpa , Spathius , and Syntretus. author = "Wharton, {R. Keys to the 30+ subfamilies can be found in Wahl and Sharkey (1993) and Wharton et al. are solitary endoparasitoids of Diptera, predominantly Tephritidae and Although they have often been treated as a separate family, the Aphidiidae, the Aphidiinae are a lineage within the Braconidae.
Some wasps also have long ovipositors to bypass caterpillar defense mechanisms such as spines or hairs, or to reach deeply-burrowed Coleoptera larvae in tree trunks. Relationships among the helconoids vary considerably depending on the parameters used for parsimony analysis.". / Wharton, R. A.; Shaw, S. R.; Sharkey, M. J.; Wahl, D. B.; Woolley, J.
[3], The former subfamily Trachypetinae, containing three rare Australian genera of large parasitoid wasps, was removed in 2020 to form a new family, Trachypetidae, considered to be sister taxon to the remaining braconids.
and Shaw, {S. R.} and Sharkey, {M. in >200 genera of 36 subfamilies in our area; close to 20,000 spp. and Marsh, {P. M.} and W. Johnson". One unusual Australian group are cecidogenic (gall-inducers) on Banksia spp., while the endemic Australian Trachypetinae are thought to be the most primitive extant braconid subfamily. The exact function and evolutionary history of these viruses are unknown. The name is derived from the character Beatrix Kiddo from the 2003 film Kill Bill, because of their resemblance in action and colour. The antennae have 16 segments or more; the hind trochanters have two segments. Therefore, it is general practice, when discussing the body of an apocritan in a technical sense, to refer to the mesosoma and metasoma rather than the "thorax" and "abdomen", respectively. Whether the Rogadinae are also part of this group is not known. Agromyzidae. classification in the guide follows . The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. B.} C. gonopterygis and C. risilis are host-specific and parasitize the common brimstone.
Achterberg, C. van 1995. B.} The Ichneumonidae, also known as the ichneumon wasps or ichneumonids, is a parasitoid wasp family within the insect order Hymenoptera. Family Braconidae (Braconid Wasps) Synonyms and other taxonomic changes . The Rogadinae are a large subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. This makes it one of the richest subfamilies with the most species of parasitoid wasps. 0000023393 00000 n
H�b```"S� ���,@FFFA�T���
w/�g!�7.�ܛ�v���ܬw+����1�j罍u�u�\��\���9�ns�pks%sqp�p|e�����霥q���_�˾��p;l�e�������M��K�B�@`�¤n�C"�\*Mw,�;�(� ,���ɷ��S�Ѝ�I�r�C;v_��V �������s�h+�ț'�I��/K�v�uw�I�EZ�j�����)�
G%9 doi = "10.1111/j.1096-0031.1992.tb00068.x", https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1992.tb00068.x. title = "PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT". PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA : ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT.
0000026962 00000 n
The Amicrocentrinae are a subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. Several species have been used in biological control programs of various aphids. Braconids are distinguished from their sister group Ichneumonidae by these character combinations. While a dose of 400 to 1000 rads can kill an average human, a dose of 180,000 rads was required to kill a braconid of genus Habrobracon in an experiment. These bracoviruses are often used by the wasps instead of, or in addition to, a venom cocktail. pp. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 298: 1-242. It includes wasps, bees, and ants, and consists of many families. These groups may be clades that diverged early in the evolution of braconids. For example, Microgastrinae, Cardiochilinae and Agathidinae parasitise lepidopteran larvae, Opiinae and Alysiinae attack dipteran larvae, Doryctinae and Helconinae mostly parasitise Coleoptera, and Aphidiinae parasitise aphids. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. It is one of the four species under the genus Cystomastacoides, and the only species in Thailand. Little or no sequence homology exists between BV and IV, suggesting that the two genera evolved independently for a long time. Braconids are speciose in most habitats.
They are closely related to Ichneumonidae but can be distinguished from them by the following characters: vein 2m-cu of the fore wing absent, basal cell in hind wing shorter than vein SC + R, and metasomal terga 2 and 3 fused, not free and moveable. Belokobylskij S. A. 0000014225 00000 n
in >1000 genera of ~50 subfamilies worldwide. Dinotrema is a genus of wasps in the family Braconidae. Ichneumonid wasps, with very few exceptions, attack the immature stages of holometabolous insects and spiders, eventually killing their hosts. [11] Braconids often will prey on fruit fly larvae like A. suspensa as well. Members of this subfamily were previously included in the Macrocentrinae. The two other major lineages which have been proposed, the helconoids and microgastroids, are somewhat better resolved, but not consistently so. 0000001857 00000 n
Polydnaviruses form a symbiotic relationship with parasitoid wasps, but these wasps are themselves parasitic on Lepidoptera. In Braconidae, metasomal tergum 2 is fused with tergum 3, (secondarily flexible in Aphidiinae) - 90% of Ichneumonidae have a flexible suture. there are about 15,000 described species (Wharton, Systematic Entomology. The Braconidae is one of the largest families of wasps, and they are commonly collected in all geographic realms. Current estimates are that there are about 15,000 described species (Wharton, 1997b), which are divided into 43 subfamilies (Achterberg, C. van (1993). Fourteen subfamilies. The alysiines are characterized by having exodont �-���[2�]c�! Some species have been used in biological control programs. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Illustrated key to the subfamilies of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Author links open overlay panel Nicholas Murphy a Jonathan C. … 0000011883 00000 n
[6] [7] Braconids are often used as biological pest control agents, especially against aphids. [8]. Numerous genera and species formerly unknown to science are being described every year. Consensus trees show the cyclostomes as a largely unresolved basal grade.
B.; Whitfield, J. Character‐state definitions and character polarities are evaluated, and more rigorous methods are suggested. Classification The Braconidae are currently divided into about 47 subfamilies and over 1000 genera, which include Aerophilus, Aleiodes, Apanteles, Asobara, Bracon, Cenocoelius, Chaenusa, Chorebus, Cotesia, Dacnusa, Diachasma, Microgaster, Opius, Parapanteles, Phaenocarpa, Spathius, and … (2014) They are often black-brown (sometimes with reddish markings), though some species exhibit striking coloration and patterns, being parts of Müllerian mimicry complexes. There are only two families in the Ichneumonoidea (Ichneumonidae, Braconidae), Fourteen subfamilies. PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONOIDEA): A REASSESSMENT. Through the evolutionary history of being used by the wasps, these viruses apparently have become so modified, they appear unlike any other known viruses today. Some species parasitize caterpillars of species considered as pests. The Braconidae is one of the largest families of wasps, and they are A.} Species are parasitoids with a wide range of biology, They develop as either primary endo- or ectoparasitoids on a wide variety of insect hosts, with specific … [12], Endoparasitoid species often display elaborate physiological adaptations to enhance larval survival within the host, such as the co-option of endosymbiotic viruses for compromising host immune defenses. Antenna with more than 16 There are currently 53 species in this family, divided among 2 genera. Relationships among the helconoids vary considerably depending on the parameters used for parsimony analysis. Relationships among the Cyclostome Braconid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Subfamilies Inferred from a Mitochondrial tRNA Gene Rearrangement ... M. CapekA new classification of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) based on the cephalic structures of the final instar larva and biological evidence.
There are approximately 350 species described around worldwide. 0000012569 00000 n
@article{544d431388734a459242ea12732f3c20. The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. Vein 1/Rs+M of the forewing is 85% present in Braconidae, but absent in all Ichneumonidae. Background and aims.The Doryctinae is a considerably diverse, poorly studied group of parasitoid wasps and one of the most diverse subfamilies within Braconidae.Taxonomic knowledge of this group remains highly incomplete, specially in the tropics. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 283: 1-189. The family seems to date from early Cretaceous (provided that Eobracon is properly assigned to this family). The majority of species parasitise the larval stage of their hosts; rarely do they oviposit into host eggs, pupae or adults. B. Whitfield, P. M. Marsh, W. Johnson, Research output: Contribution to journal › Article. N2 - Abstract— The recently published phylogeny of Braconidae by Quicke and van Achterberg is reassessed.
